* Complete placenta praevia (grade 4), where the placenta completely covers the opening of the cervix.
* Transverse Lie, the baby islying sideways in the uterus and is unable to be turned.
* Prolapsed umbilical cord, a section of the cord falls past the baby, through the mother’s open cervix and into the vagina. this is a code green medical emergency.
* Abrupted placenta – the placenta tears away from the wall of the uterus, cuasing bleeding for the mother and a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the baby, another medical emergency.
* Severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is a high blood pressure with proteing in the urine, nausea, headaches and vomiting and can be life threatening for mother and baby. It can progress to eclampsia when seizures occur.
* True fetal distress
*CPD (cephalopelvic disproportion) – The baby is too large for the mother’s pelvis
* Initial outbreak of active herpes at the onset of labour
* Uterine rupture – a previous cesarean scar ruptures and tears open. Very rare.